Israeli troops are preparing for a ground invasion of Gaza, as retribution for Hamas militants’ attacks that have resulted in over 1,000 Israeli casualties. However, such an invasion would be challenging due to Gaza’s dense population, intricate tunnel network, and the risk to hostages. Former US Defense Secretary Leon Panetta noted that house-to-house fighting in Gaza would come at a heavy price but acknowledged Israel’s determination to crush Hamas. A ground invasion would lead to significant casualties and potentially escalate into a regional conflict, impacting Israel’s relations with Arab neighbors. The need for military operations arises from the limitations of aerial attacks in Gaza, which cannot effectively target tunnels, weapons stockpiles, and smuggling routes. The subsequent street-to-street fighting in the packed region could result in heavy civilian casualties and damage Israel’s standing in the Middle East. The situation is further complicated by the presence of hostages held by Hamas and the risk of Iran becoming involved. Securing a durable political solution to accompany military action is uncertain, as previous occupations have proven costly.